Health & Fitness: 2022

Southeast Asia's most productive agricultural region and home to 17 million people could be mostly underwater within a lifetime. Saving the Mekong River Delta requires urgent, concerted action among countries in the region to lessen the impact of upstream dams and better manage water and sediments within the delta, according to an international team of researchers who outline solutions to the region's dramatic loss of sediment essential to nourishing delta land.

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Thursday, May 5, 2022

Active brown adipose tissue protects against 'pre-prediabetes'

In a prospective study of young, lean adults, PET/CT imaging revealed that higher levels of active brown adipose tissue (also known as 'brown fat') are more prevalent in individuals who exhibit very early indications of metabolic disorders. The study suggests that active brown fat is recruited to counteract 'pre-prediabetic' states, potentially serving as a first-line protective mechanism against very early metabolic or hormonal abnormalities.

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Small changes -- but essential! How peptides are recognized in receptors

The human body consists of trillions of cells that constantly communicate with each other. A central role in this communication process is played by receptor proteins on the cell surface. Since they often serve as drug targets, they have been the subject of intensive research. Often there are whole families of receptors. The signal messengers as well as the receptors are very similar to each other, so it is not clear how the signals are distinguished from each other at the molecular level. Now, scientists have succeeded in determining high-resolution structures for three related signalling complexes that occur naturally in the body for the neuropeptide Y (NPY) receptor family, thus shedding light on the 'small but essential differences'.

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Small changes -- but essential! How peptides are recognized in receptors

The human body consists of trillions of cells that constantly communicate with each other. A central role in this communication process is played by receptor proteins on the cell surface. Since they often serve as drug targets, they have been the subject of intensive research. Often there are whole families of receptors. The signal messengers as well as the receptors are very similar to each other, so it is not clear how the signals are distinguished from each other at the molecular level. Now, scientists have succeeded in determining high-resolution structures for three related signalling complexes that occur naturally in the body for the neuropeptide Y (NPY) receptor family, thus shedding light on the 'small but essential differences'.

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Global bird populations steadily declining

Staggering declines in bird populations are taking place around the world. So concludes a study from scientists at multiple institutions. Loss and degradation of natural habitats and direct overexploitation of many species are cited as the key threats to avian biodiversity. Climate change is identified as an emerging driver of bird population declines.

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How the brain says 'oops!'

Researchers have uncovered how signals from a group of neurons in the brain's frontal lobe simultaneously give humans the flexibility to learn new tasks -- and the focus to develop highly specific skills.

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Wednesday, May 4, 2022

New study reviews anti-cancer activity of sustained release capsaicin formulations

A study provides the first published in-depth description of the anti-cancer activity of capsaicin sustained release formulations. Capsaicin is naturally found in chili peppers and is the agent that provides the hot and spicy taste when eating chili peppers.

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Bye, bye, biopsy? Handheld device could painlessly identify skin cancers

A new device uses millimeter-wave imaging -- the same technology used in airport security scanners -- to scan a patient's skin to detect if they have skin cancer. Millimeter-wave rays harmlessly penetrate about 2mm into human skin, so the team's imaging technology provides a clear 3D map of scanned skin lesions.

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How mosquito brains encode human odor so they can seek us out

Some strains of Aedes aegypti -- the mosquito that carries Zika, malaria and dengue fever -- have evolved to bite humans almost exclusively. A team has now discovered how they target us so precisely.

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Surprising risk factors may predict heart attacks in young women

A new study has for the first time identified which risk factors are more likely to trigger a heart attack or acute myocardial infarction (AMI) for men and women 55 years and younger.

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A healthy lifestyle helps to prevent gestational diabetes in those at highest genetic risk

Researchers have developed a genetic-risk score for identifying individuals who would benefit the most from lifestyle counseling to prevent gestational and postpartum diabetes.

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How mosquito brains encode human odor so they can seek us out

Some strains of Aedes aegypti -- the mosquito that carries Zika, malaria and dengue fever -- have evolved to bite humans almost exclusively. A team has now discovered how they target us so precisely.

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The role of the cerebellum in absence seizures

Researchers have gained new insights into the cellular and molecular mechanisms of absence seizures and potential therapy options.

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Tuesday, May 3, 2022

COVID-19 vaccine technique shows promise for heart disease

A method for delivering genetic material to the body is being tested as a way to repair damaged heart muscle after a heart attack.

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Sensor makes strides in detecting infection indicators

Bioengineers have designed a wearable sensor that can detect two key biomarkers of infection in human sweat, a significant step toward making it possible for users to receive early warnings of infections such as COVID-19 and influenza.

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Researcher looks into little known 'purging disorder'

Though purging is often a condition associated with bulimia nervosa, new research at Ohio University suggests that a different kind of eating disorder could also be responsible.

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Anti-idling campaign reduces idling time at elementary schools

An anti-idling campaign at elementary schools was effective in reducing idling time by 38%, and an air monitoring experiment found that air quality around schools can vary over short distances. These findings can help schools and school districts plan to protect students, staff and the community from unhealthy air pollution both indoors and outdoors.

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New study shows hybrid learning led to significant reduction in COVID-19 spread

A new study shows that hybrid learning utilizing alternating school days for children offers a significant reduction in community disease spread. Total closure in favor of remote learning, however, offers little additional advantage over that hybrid option.

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Monday, May 2, 2022

Met Gala returns to traditional spot on first Monday in May

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Red pant suit has the celeb stamp of approval; here’s proof

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Sunday, May 1, 2022

Eid-ul-Fitr 2022: Date, History, Significance, Importance

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Kriti Sanon demonstrates a fun gym workout session involving the Bosu ball; take a look

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Do these three things to lose weight and not regain it

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‘I’m going to be your biggest cheerleader when you’re up here’: Lilly Singh on empowering women

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It was bling and glam for Kim Kardashian, Pete Davidson’s White House Correspondents’ Dinner

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Facing a weekend fitness slump? Take inspiration from Vidya Malavade as she attempts Natarajasana

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Saturday, April 30, 2022

Thom Browne holds a ‘Teddy Talk’ in playful toy-themed show

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Eid-ul-Fitr 2022: Moon Sighting date and timings in India, Saudi Arabia, UAE

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Sunday Zodiac: What should each sign do to make progress in career?

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French Ambassador looks at India, Raghu Rai at France, in black, white and grey

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Friday, April 29, 2022

All cells are important: A roadmap to characterize lymphoma stroma

Researchers identify gene expression signatures in different types of lymph nodes cells that play an active role in the development of lymphomas.

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New details behind the body's response to tuberculosis could lead to a more effective vaccine

In a person with active tuberculosis, immune activity can promote bacterial clearance, but in some situations, bacteria persist and grow. New research in an animal model of tuberculosis reveals which cellular and molecular features are associated with these different scenarios. Developing a vaccine that targets one or more of these features may effectively combat tuberculosis, which remains a major global health threat.

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India Art Fair returns to capital after Covid hiatus

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Scientists illuminate mechanism of common drug target

Using advanced imaging methods, researchers have gained insight into how a common target of drugs sends cellular signals, a finding that may lead to better and more precise therapeutics.

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An epigenetic cause of miscarriages is identified and cured in mice

Researchers have discovered a gene responsible for prenatal death when critical epigenetic instructions are missing from egg cells. The study shows that in mice, failed epigenetic suppression of an X-chromosome gene called Xist leads to miscarriage and developmental abnormalities. Forced suppression of maternal Xist rescued the failed miscarriages.

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Thursday, April 28, 2022

How to balance economic development goals with environmental conservation

An international study gives fast-growing nations a simple, inexpensive guide to inform planning and decision-making to help balance economic development goals with environmental conservation and human well-being.

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Decreased genetic diversity in immune system could impact endangered toad survival

A new study examines immune system diversity in the critically endangered Wyoming toad and finds that genetic bottlenecks could impact a species' ability to respond to new pathogens. The findings could inform captive breeding strategies for endangered animal populations.

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Selection bias may lead to underestimation of risk of CTE in former football players

Researchers have been studying chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) and while much has been learned, diagnosing the disease still needs to be done post-mortem on autopsied brains donated to a brain bank. One criticism of the research is that brain bank study results have a selection bias because they are based on a subset of players most affected by CTE, and therefore not representative of the population of football players. Now a novel study by researchers from BUSM and Boston University School of Public Health (BUSPH) provides further evidence suggesting a dose-response relationship between football and CTE even after adjusting for selection bias.

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From blurry to bright: AI tech helps researchers peer into the brains of mice

Biomedical engineers have developed an artificial intelligence (AI) training strategy to capture images of mouse brain cells in action. The researchers say the AI system, in concert with specialized ultra-small microscopes, make it possible to find precisely where and when cells are activated during movement, learning and memory.

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From blurry to bright: AI tech helps researchers peer into the brains of mice

Biomedical engineers have developed an artificial intelligence (AI) training strategy to capture images of mouse brain cells in action. The researchers say the AI system, in concert with specialized ultra-small microscopes, make it possible to find precisely where and when cells are activated during movement, learning and memory.

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New study identifies genetic changes in patients who progress to esophageal cancer

A scientific team who studies a precancerous condition of the esophagus (called Barrett's esophagus or BE) are working to answer how to see genetic changes in cells before they turn cancerous. The team revealed that DNA changes in BE cells that presage esophageal cancer can be spotted years before cancer develops.

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Wednesday, April 27, 2022

How one inflammatory disorder exacerbates another

People with severe gum disease are at a higher risk of other inflammatory conditions, such as heart disease and arthritis, and the reverse is true as well. New research unpacks the mechanism underlying this association, demonstrating in mice that a susceptibility to arthritis can be transmitted by a bone marrow transplant if the donor has gum inflammation.

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RNA binding proteins help T cells pick their weapons before battle

Researchers have identified key drivers of T cell development which promote resilience to influenza virus infection.

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Japanese population projected to live longer without dementia

A new microsimulation projects that over the next 20 years, Japanese people will live longer without dementia, but older women with a less than high school education will benefit less than men.

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E. coli bacteria exploits Crohn's disease inflammation

A multi-year study of the role of E. coli gut bacteria in Crohn's disease finds that intestinal inflammation liberates chemicals that nourish the bacteria's growth and promotes their ability to cause inflammation.

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Monitoring and evaluation of climate adaptation conservation initiatives

A new study offers pathways to improve monitoring and evaluation (M&E) of climate-informed conservation while revealing how practitioners are currently monitoring conservation adaptation projects.

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Bat box design, placement matter for energy balance in endangered bats

New research looks at the effect of bat box design and placement on the energetic balance of endangered Indiana bats.

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‘I couldn’t resist this one of my favorite actors’: Food artist creates Benedict ‘Cucumberbatch’ (watch video)

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Neuronal plasticity in chronic pain-induced anxiety revealed

Researchers have shown how chronic pain leads to maladaptive anxiety in mice, with implications for treatment of chronic pain-related psychiatric disorders in humans.

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Tuesday, April 26, 2022

Micronutrients (vitamins + minerals) show benefit for children with ADHD and emotional dysregulation

A study reports that children with ADHD and emotional dysregulation randomized to take a micronutrient formula were three times more likely to show symptomatic improvement on blinded clinician ratings, compared to those in the placebo group (54% versus 18%). The micronutrient formula, consisting of all known vitamins and essential minerals, was administered for eight weeks.

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A new treatment reduces inflammation in multiple sclerosis mice models

Researchers managed to reduce chronic inflammation associated with multiple sclerosis in mice thanks to the administration of a type of lipid that mediates inflammation.

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Immersive VR: Empowering kids to survive in fire, flood, and war

When you live in the driest State in the driest country in the world, bushfires are an unfortunate, and all-too-regular part of life. Learning how to survive such emergencies is important for all people, but especially for our youngest citizens.

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Protecting species for the good of global climate

Until now, measures to protect climate and biodiversity have often been developed in parallel. However, this is now considered outdated because many approaches can protect both climate and biodiversity. Scientists have now assessed the role of the potential future global biodiversity targets (Post-2020 Action Targets for 2030) for climate protection and found that about two thirds of these targets can also help to slow climate change.

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Speed thrills but kills: Major highway in India of particular concern to reptiles and amphibians

The National Highway 715, which passes through the Kaziranga National Park in Northeast India, is notorious for its roadkill. With protected habitats on both sides of the road, many animals cross it on a daily basis to feed and breed.

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Pathogens can hitch a ride on plastic to reach the sea

Microplastics are a pathway for pathogens on land to reach the ocean, with likely consequences for human and wildlife health, according to a new study. This study connects microplastic pollution in the ocean with land-based, diseases-carrying pathogens. The study, published April 26 in the journal Scientific Reports, is the first to connect microplastics in the ocean with land-based pathogens

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Boys are more demanding than girls before they are born, according to scientists

Finding out the sex of a baby during pregnancy could lead to better life chances, a new study has discovered. Male baby pregnancies are more likely to result in complications, possibly because they grow faster in the womb and require more nutrients and oxygen than supplied by the mother through the placenta -- the temporary organ that attaches to the wall of the uterus during pregnancy to help the fetus grow and develop.

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Monday, April 25, 2022

Scientists have discovered how bloodworms make their unique copper teeth

Bloodworms are known for their unusual fang-like jaws, which are made of protein, melanin, and concentrations of copper not found elsewhere in the animal kingdom. Scientists have observed how these worms use copper harvested from marine sediments to form their jaws, and the process may be even more unusual than the teeth themselves.

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A new era of mitochondrial genome editing has begun

A new era of mitochondrial genome editing has begun. Scientists successfully achieve A to G base conversion, the final missing piece of the puzzle in gene-editing technology.

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A new era of mitochondrial genome editing has begun

A new era of mitochondrial genome editing has begun. Scientists successfully achieve A to G base conversion, the final missing piece of the puzzle in gene-editing technology.

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Cardiac rehab for heart patients saves lives and money, so why isn’t it used more?

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Sunday, April 24, 2022

Celeb fashion: A look at Parineeti Chopra’s impeccable sense of style

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World Malaria Day 2022: All you need to know about causes, symptoms, and treatment

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Dr Shriram Nene does lunges; here’s why you should too

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World Malaria Day 2022: Leveraging newer technologies aided by a surveillance system revamp core to malaria elimination now, says WHO’s Dr Soumya Swaminathan

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Healthy breakfast: Two high-protein vegetarian alternatives to the omelette sandwich

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‘Continue to believe and live in your truth’: Zendaya

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Rio’s flamboyant Carnival parade is back after the pandemic

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Move over scrambled eggs, try this viral grated eggs avocado toast

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Saturday, April 23, 2022

Sunday Zodiac: Some negative traits each sign needs to work on

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Ukrainian children delight in painting Easter eggs

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Lockdowns doubled your risk of mental health symptoms

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Sunday Zodiac: Some negative traits each sign needs to work on

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Friday, April 22, 2022

From recycling to taking public transport: Survey on what urban Indians would like to do to reduce pace of climate change

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Want to lose weight? Make sure you are following this hack

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Federal research funding has positive 'ripple effects'

Federal funding for biomedical research has a 'ripple effect' of stimulating new studies even beyond the original purposes of a grant and may provide unexpected benefits, a new study suggests.

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Federal research funding has positive 'ripple effects'

Federal funding for biomedical research has a 'ripple effect' of stimulating new studies even beyond the original purposes of a grant and may provide unexpected benefits, a new study suggests.

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Breakthrough in estimating fossil fuel carbon dioxide emissions

Scientists have made a major breakthrough in detecting changes in fossil fuel carbon dioxide emissions more quickly and frequently.

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An ocean in your brain: Interacting brain waves key to how we process information

For years, the brain has been thought of as a biological computer that processes information through traditional circuits, whereby data zips straight from one cell to another. While that model is still accurate, a new study shows that there's also a second, very different way that the brain parses information: through the interactions of waves of neural activity. The findings help researchers better understand how the brain processes information.

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Thursday, April 21, 2022

Expect to see more squid and less sockeye salmon on 'climate changed' menus

Vancouver seafood lovers may see more Humboldt squid but less sockeye salmon on restaurant menus in the near future due to climate change. That's according to a new study which examined 362 Vancouver restaurant menus from four time periods, spanning 1880 to 2021.

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Scientists use machine learning to identify antibiotic resistant bacteria that can spread between animals, humans and the environment

Experts have developed a ground-breaking software, which combines DNA sequencing and machine learning to help them find where, and to what extent, antibiotic resistant bacteria is being transmitted between humans, animals and the environment.

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Brains and brawn helped crows and ravens take over the world

Crows and ravens have great flying ability, which allows them to gain access to new places more easily. While these skills were key to their success, new research also shows that big bodies and big brains played an important role in helping crows and ravens survive in the new climates they occupied.

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Spatial distribution of pores helps determine where carbon is stored in the soil

Soils store more carbon than all the vegetation on the Earth's surface. However, there are still many unanswered questions about precisely which processes favor accumulation in the soil. Soil scientists have now developed a new method to show where and under what conditions carbon is stored f in the soil. It turns out, it is primarily the network of soil pores that controls the spatial distribution of carbon.

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Scientists use machine learning to identify antibiotic resistant bacteria that can spread between animals, humans and the environment

Experts have developed a ground-breaking software, which combines DNA sequencing and machine learning to help them find where, and to what extent, antibiotic resistant bacteria is being transmitted between humans, animals and the environment.

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For cooperative teams, modesty leaves the best impression

People may forgo displaying luxury brands and other signals of status when they want to convince others that they will collaborate well with a team, as people who signal their wealth and social status could be perceived as uncooperative, according to new research.

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People with diabetes and cognitive decline may be at higher risk for heart disease

People with type 2 diabetes who have cognitive impairment could be at greater risk for stroke, heart attack or death than other individuals with diabetes, according to a new study.

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Wednesday, April 20, 2022

Warming climate and agriculture halve insect populations in some areas

Climate change and intensive agricultural land use have already been responsible for a 49% reduction in the number of insects in the most impacted parts of the world, finds a new study.

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Women's earnings drop after childbirth, study finds

When U.S. couples have their first child, mothers' earnings still drop substantially relative to fathers', and new research demonstrates the stubborn, decades-old pattern isn't changing despite broad increases in other aspects of gender equality.

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Scientists identify potential new 'soldier' for cancer immunotherapy

The new cells, which the scientists have dubbed killer innate-like T cells, differ in several notable ways from the conventional target of many immunotherapies.

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Everyday plastic products release trillions of microscopic particles into water

Plastics surround us, whether it's the grocery bags we use at the supermarket or household items such as shampoo and detergent bottles. Plastics don't exist only as large objects, but also as microscopic particles that are released from these larger products. These microscopic plastics can end up in the environment, and they can be ingested into our bodies.

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In the race to solve Alzheimer's disease, scientists find more needles in the haystack

The International Genomics of Alzheimer's Project (IGAP) analyzed millions of genetic variants to come up with the latest listing of 75 variations associated with Alzheimer's disease.

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Whole-brain preclinical study illuminates how epileptic seizures originate

New evidence from a zebrafish model of epilepsy may help resolve a debate into how seizures originate, according to investigators. The findings may also be useful in the discovery and development of future epilepsy drugs.

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How do our eyes stay focused on what we reach for?

Keeping our eyes focused on what we reach for, whether it be an item at the grocery store or a ground ball on the baseball field, may appear seamless, but, in fact, is due to a complex neurological process involving intricate timing and coordination. Researchers now shed additional light on the machinations that ensure we don't look away from where we are reaching.

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Tuesday, April 19, 2022

Bioengineers visualize fat storage in fruit flies

A new visualization technique is being used to untangle often discussed, yet mysterious, links between diet and things like obesity, diabetes and aging.

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Bioengineers visualize fat storage in fruit flies

A new visualization technique is being used to untangle often discussed, yet mysterious, links between diet and things like obesity, diabetes and aging.

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Mental illness associated with increased death from cardiovascular disease

Compared to the general population, people with severe mental illness, including schizophrenia, have higher levels of cardiovascular-related mortality, and that association has become stronger over recent decades, according to a new study.

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New research predicts the disappearance of Olympic Peninsula glaciers

By 2070, the glaciers on the Olympic Peninsula, in Washington State, will have largely disappeared, according to a new study. Although some glaciers will probably remain -- albeit as tiny shells of their former selves. Since about 1900 the region has lost half of its glacier area and since 1980, 35 glaciers and 16 perennial snowfields have disappeared.

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Portable, point-of-care COVID-19 test discerns alpha variant from earlier strains

A point-of-care COVID-19 test developed by researchers can now detect and differentiate the alpha variant of the SARS-CoV-2 virus from earlier strains in saliva samples.

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Portable, point-of-care COVID-19 test discerns alpha variant from earlier strains

A point-of-care COVID-19 test developed by researchers can now detect and differentiate the alpha variant of the SARS-CoV-2 virus from earlier strains in saliva samples.

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Cancer burden facing Asian Americans partly caused by racism, experts say

Racism facing Asian Americans is compounding existing cancer inequities. They are the first U.S. population group to experience cancer as the leading cause of death. A commentary outlines the factors contributing to this.

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Monday, April 18, 2022

Is it necessary to wear a bra for breast health, or can it be avoided? Find out

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Sunday, April 17, 2022

Invictus Games 2022: Meghan Markle’s all-white power look had elements from her wedding day

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Breakfast recipe: Start your day on a power-packed note with ‘Mushroom Savoury Oats’

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Celeb fitness: Bhagyashree performs inversions like a pro; shares benefits

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Is certain amount of stress good for the body?

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Rilzabrutinib for blood disorder shows promise in phase 1--2 clinical trial

In an international phase 1--2 clinical trial of patients with immune thrombocytopenia, an oral investigational drug called rilzabrutinib was active and associated with only low-level toxic effects at all dose levels.

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Apples weren’t always big, juicy and sweet — ancient ones were small and bitter

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Saturday, April 16, 2022

Study suggests insomnia increases cardiovascular risk by 16 per cent; here’s what to know

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What’s this white stuff on my Easter chocolate, and can I still eat it?

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Zodiac alert: What’s in store for Taurus in 2022?

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Coronavirus persisting in feces offers clues to long Covid cause

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Happy Easter Sunday 2022: Wishes, Images, Quotes, Whatsapp Messages, Status and Photos

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Body's response to different strains of tuberculosis could affect transmission

Two strains of the bacterium causing tuberculosis have only minor genetic differences but attack the lungs in completely different fashion, according to researchers.

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Friday, April 15, 2022

A key brain region for substance use disorders now has a searchable atlas of distinct cell populations

In a work of systematic biology that advances the field, researchers have identified 16 distinct cell populations in a complex area of the midbrain called the ventral tegmental area, or VTA. The VTA is important for its role in the dopamine neurotransmission involved in reward-directed behavior. Substance use disorders involve dysregulation of these reward circuits, leading to repeated drug-seeking despite adverse consequences.

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DIY digital archaeology: New methods for visualizing small objects and artifacts

A new article presents step-by-step protocols for creating publishable 2D and 3D visualizations. The techniques will allow anyone to produce high-quality images and models with minimal effort and cost.

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Changes in vegetation shaped global temperatures over last 10,000 years

Follow the pollen. Records from past plant life tell the real story of global temperatures. Warmer temperatures brought plants -- and then came even warmer temperatures, according to new model simulations.

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A new toolkit to engineer safe and efficient therapeutic cells

Researchers undertook a systematic analysis of the molecular building blocks used to engineer therapeutic cells. Their work resulted in a comprehensive rule book for the design of therapeutic cells with improved specificity and safety, and for the eventual customization of cell-based therapies.

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Research could enable assembly line synthesis of prevalent amine-containing drugs

A research team has discovered a new chemical reaction that provides a simple, rapid way of making tertiary amines -- swinging the door wide open to the discovery of new medicinal compounds.

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From cell fat to cell fate

A cell's production of fat molecules can be a key factor in determining what that cell will become.

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Methionine restriction may improve aggressive brain cancer prognosis in children

Deadly brain cancers called diffuse midline gliomas are uniquely dependent on methionine, an amino acid abundant in legumes and poultry.

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Human fetuses evolved to slow shoulder growth for easier delivery

The growth of human shoulders slows down just before birth and speeds up thereafter; this alleviates the problem of shoulder dystocia. Computed tomography was used to obtain cross-sectional representations of the clavicle in humans, chimpanzees, and Japanese macaques; the researchers then looked at different shoulder-width to birth-risk correlations between humans and the two other primates.

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Thursday, April 14, 2022

Seafloor spreading has been slowing down

A new global analysis of the last 19 million years of seafloor spreading rates found they have been slowing down. Geologists want to know why the seafloor is getting sluggish.

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Factors including extreme winds, topography and vegetation influenced the severity of burns from Oregon's devastating 2020 megafires

In a new study examining burn patterns from the 2020 Labor Day fires, researchers studied the influence of weather, topography, vegetation and other factors on burn severity in areas where the fires killed more than 75% of the trees. Their research confirms that extreme winds over the Labor Day holiday were the primary driver of the destructive force of the fires yet demonstrates how forest vegetation structure (e.g., canopy height, the age of trees, etc.) and topography played a significant role in burn severity patterns.

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Exposure assessment for Deepwater Horizon oil spill: Health outcomes

Mathematicians have developed statistical methods that lay the framework for the crucial first step of determining whether there are any linkages between exposures and health outcomes from the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill, which is considered the largest marine oil spill in the history of the U.S.

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Could releasing ‘handbrake’ immune cells help supercharge immunity?

Researchers have found a way to supercharge immune cells that could enable them to clear disease and infections faster

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Exercise during pregnancy reduces the risk of Type-2 Diabetes in offspring

Exercising during pregnancy bestows a wealth of benefits upon a child. New research suggests that exercise may also help reduce the offspring's chances of getting type 2 diabetes. Researchers uncovered how SOD3, a key protein released by the placenta after exercise, improves the metabolic health of offspring and negates the impacts of maternal obesity and poor diets.

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Management researchers prescribe possible remedy in opioid misuse

A team of researchers developed a framework that may help clinicians objectively identify and estimate harms and benefits of opioid use for pain management.

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About 1 in 4 adults has an often-missed liver disorder linked to higher heart disease risk

It is estimated that about one in four adults worldwide has an abnormal build-up of fat in the liver, called non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). NAFLD can lead to permanent liver damage, and heart disease is the leading cause of death in people with fatty liver disease. Because NAFLD is often missed in routine medical screening, the new scientific statement raises awareness and understanding about its link to heart disease and to outline how to prevent and diagnose the condition.

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Scientists identify novel approach to preventing seizures

Scientists have announced a significant advance in our understanding of epilepsy, as they have identified a potential method of preventing damaging seizure activity. Brain cells are nourished by an intricate network of capillaries that forms the so-called blood-brain barrier (BBB). Fundamentally, it is disruption to the integrity of these capillaries and the BBB that a group of scientists believe is a key driver of seizure activity in humans. Promisingly though, their new research shows that restoring that integrity can prevent seizures.

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Wednesday, April 13, 2022

Layered controls can significantly curb exposure to COVID-19

Using a new computational model that simulates the life cycle of pathogen-laden particles, researchers found that a combination of distancing of six feet, universal mask-wearing, and increased room ventilation could reduce the risk of infection by more than 98 percent in more than 95 percent of scenarios studied.

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Treatment prevents hypoglycemia in children with hyperinsulinism

Researchers have shown that a targeted treatment they developed is effective at controlling blood sugar in patients with hyperinsulinism (HI), a genetic disease in which the pancreas produces too much insulin. The findings provide further evidence that the treatment could prevent hypoglycemia in patients with HI and may preclude the need for a full removal of their pancreas, a current standard treatment for severe diffuse HI.

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Busy mothers did less breastfeeding in 19th century Netherlands

A 19th century rural Dutch village had unusually low rates of breastfeeding, likely because mothers were busy working, according to a new study.

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Vegan diets for dogs may be linked with better health, and could be less hazardous, than meat-based diets

A survey study of the guardians of more than 2,500 dogs explored links between dog diet and health outcomes, suggesting that nutritionally sound vegan diets may be healthier and less hazardous than conventional or raw meat-based diets.

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Discovery of wheat’s clustered chemical defenses creates new avenues for research

Research collaboration has helps to explain the chemical defenses that protect wheat plants against disease.

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Blood type may offer insights into risk of blood clot in people with cancer

A new study suggests that people with cancer and non-O blood types, such as types A, B, and AB, face an increased risk of developing venous thromboembolism (VTE), or blood clots in the veins, three months after their initial diagnosis. Scientists have long strived to understand the risk factors for VTE, the leading cause of preventable hospital deaths in the United States. Existing assessments use factors like tumor or cancer type to detect those at high risk of VTE. Yet, many patients without these diagnoses still develop life-threatening blood clots but go unidentified.

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Tuesday, April 12, 2022

Long-term in vivo imaging technique developed to better understand and treat spinal cord injury

A research team has developed an innovative technology for in vivo imaging of the important biological processes involved in the injury and repair of spinal cords, paving the way for a better understanding of the pathology and potential treatment of spinal cord injury (SCI).

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Bacteria generate electricity from methane

Generating power while purifying the environment of greenhouse gases should be achievable using bacteria. Microbiologists have demonstrated that it is possible to make methane-consuming bacteria generate power in the lab.

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Microscaffolds: A new strategy in tissue engineering

A new strategy in tissue engineering has been developed: Tiny spherical microscaffolds are created in a high precision 3D printer. They are cultivated with living cells and then assembled. The cells keep multiplying, creating a tissue, the scaffolds are eventually degraded.

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Microscaffolds: A new strategy in tissue engineering

A new strategy in tissue engineering has been developed: Tiny spherical microscaffolds are created in a high precision 3D printer. They are cultivated with living cells and then assembled. The cells keep multiplying, creating a tissue, the scaffolds are eventually degraded.

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Machine learning predicts conduct disorder in kids

Conduct disorder (CD) is a common yet complex psychiatric disorder featuring aggressive and destructive behavior. Factors contributing to the development of CD span biological, psychological, and social domains. Researchers have identified a myriad of risk factors that could help predict CD, but they are often considered in isolation. Now, a new study uses a machine-learning approach for the first time to assess risk factors across all three domains in combination and predict later development of CD with high accuracy.

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‘What if Africa was the birthplace of fashion?’

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Discovery reveals new way to inhibit key cancer driver, other mutated genes

Scientists have discovered a new way to inhibit the most commonly mutated gene underlying human tumor growth, paving the way for new treatments for cancer and a host of other diseases.

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Monday, April 11, 2022

Smoking increased in those trying to quit during COVID-19, study shows

A study showed statistically significant and potentially clinically important differences between those who increased and decreased tobacco use during the pandemic. Among current smokers, 28.2 percent reported increased tobacco use, 17.3 percent reported decreased tobacco use and 54.5 percent reported no change. In addition, there were no reports of relapse among former smokers.

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Even in a virtual classroom, preschoolers can gain reading skills

A new study finds that children can develop key reading skills in a virtual classroom with other students.

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COVID-19 vaccine protects patients with inflammatory bowel disease from SARS-CoV-2

COVID-19 vaccines taken by people with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which affects millions worldwide, safely and effectively protects them from the SARS-Cov-2 virus, a study finds.

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Time-lapse images as the living brain responds to experiences

Researchers use manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging to capture time-lapse images of the living brain.

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Innovative technology will use smart sensors to ensure vaccine safety

A new study enables developers to determine vaccine safety via smart sensors that measure objective physiological parameters.

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New transistor could cut 5% from world’s digital energy budget

A new spin on one of the 20th century's smallest but grandest inventions, the transistor, could help feed the world's ever-growing appetite for digital memory while slicing up to 5% of the energy from its power-hungry diet.

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SARS-CoV-2: Neutralization of BA.1 and BA.2 by therapeutic monoclonal antibodies

Scientists studied the sensitivity of Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 to nine monoclonal antibodies, some of which are used in pre-exposure prophylaxis in immunocompromised individuals. The scientists showed a loss of neutralizing activity against BA.1 and BA.2 in people treated with two antibody cocktails.

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Sunday, April 10, 2022

Melting ice caps may not shut down ocean current

Most simulations of our climate's future may be overly sensitive to Arctic ice melt as a cause of abrupt changes in ocean circulation, according to new research.

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Researchers adapt technology made for astronomical observations to biomedical imaging

Researchers have captured images of multiple radionuclides in mice using astronomy technology.

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Researchers describe a three-meter-long Mesozoic marine reptile named Baisesaurus robustus

Researchers from China and Canada report a new large early ichthyosauromorph, named Baisesaurus robustus, from the southwest of China, extending the known geographic distribution of this group.

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Bennifer engagement: Why the green diamond ring is special for Jennifer Lopez

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Pet therapy: How dogs, cats and horses help improve human wellbeing

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Food therapist explains why eating the right food combo is important

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Saturday, April 9, 2022

Stolen artefacts to be returned to India from Scotland museums

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Strength training for 30 minutes a week can help one live longer: Study

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Sunday Zodiac: Which signs are the most and least compatible with Aries?

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Happy Ram Navami 2022: Wishes Images, Quotes, Status, Messages, and Photos

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Friday, April 8, 2022

How T cell-derived interleukin-22 promotes antibacterial defense of colonic crypts

Intestinal epithelial cells line the inner wall of the gut, creating a barrier to dangerous bacteria like enteropathogenic E. coli that seek to attach and efface that barrier, causing diarrhea. Such pathogens pose significant risks to human health and cause infant death in developing countries. A new study shows how two types of immune cells -- one a part of the innate immune system and the other a part of the adaptive immune system -- play distinct and indispensable roles to defend that barrier.

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Air pollution responsible for 180,000 excess deaths in tropical cities

Around 180,000 avoidable deaths over 14 years in fast-growing tropical cities were caused by a rapid rise in emerging air pollution, a study has revealed.

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CRISPR gene editing reveals biological mechanism behind common blood disorder

Researchers have used CRISPR gene editing -- a type of 'molecular scissors' -- to understand how deletions in one area of the genome can affect the expression of nearby genes. The work will help researchers investigate new therapeutic approaches for one of the world's most devastating genetic blood disorders -- sickle cell disease. Asymptomatic sickle cell disease patients actually lack a tiny part of the genome, scientists have shown.

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Key to success of drug-resistant bacteria

Researchers have uncovered how Gram-negative bacteria -- which cause a variety of drug-resistant infections -- build their protective outer layer, which could lead to more effective treatments.

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Dengue detection smartphone tech shows new hope for low-cost diagnostics

Accurate home testing could be used for a wider range of illnesses, as new research shows the capability of smartphone-powered tests for Dengue Fever.

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Thursday, April 7, 2022

Wireless, high-speed, low-power communications for implantable devices

Implantable bioelectronics are now often key in assisting or monitoring the heart, brain, and other vital organs, but they often lack a safe, reliable way of transmitting their data to doctors. Now researchers have invented a way to augment implantable bioelectronics with simple, high-speed, low-power wireless data links using the body's naturally present ions.

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Amazon rainforest foliage gases affect the Earth’s atmosphere

Researchers have uncovered a plant-derived process that leads to the formation of aerosol particles over the Amazon rainforest and potentially other forested parts of the world.

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Study discovers molecular properties of lung surfactants that could lead to better treatments for respiratory illnesses

A research team analyzed the fundamental properties and structures of the naturally occurring substances that help human lungs expand and contract, providing insight into how the substances help us breathe.

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Antibiotic and antiretroviral drug effects on breast milk are explored for mothers living with HIV

Infants carry a vast assemblage of bacteria, viruses and fungi in their guts. Combined, these microbes make up a complex ecology known as the gut microbiome, which plays a major role in health and disease throughout life. The initial source of these billions of microbes is the mother's breast milk. Scientists have now used next-generation sequencing to investigate the breast milk microbiome from HIV positive women in Kenya.

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Wastewater provides a planet-wide laboratory for the study of human health

New research highlights a technique known as Wastewater-based Epidemiology (WBE), in which samples of municipal wastewater can be used as a diagnostic tool to explore a surprisingly broad range of community-wide health indices.

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Wednesday, April 6, 2022

Like college roommates, vampire bats bond when randomly paired

Social bonding between randomly assigned college roommates is not only a human phenomenon, a new study on vampire bats suggests. Vampire bat pairs that were forced to live together for only one week sustained their friendly relationships for more than two months after they were released into a bigger bat community.

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Century-old malaria parasite puzzle solved as ape origin traced

Scientists have solved a 100-year-old mystery about the evolutionary links between malaria parasites that infect humans and chimpanzees.

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Century-old malaria parasite puzzle solved as ape origin traced

Scientists have solved a 100-year-old mystery about the evolutionary links between malaria parasites that infect humans and chimpanzees.

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New link between greenhouse gasses and sea level rise

Researchers have used advanced ocean modelling techniques to reveal how greenhouse gas emissions contribute to warmer oceans and resulting melting of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet.

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Simulations explain Greenland’s slower summer warming

Climate changes in the tropical Pacific have temporarily put the brakes on rapid warming and ice melting in Greenland.

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Neolithic made us taller and more intelligent but more prone to heart disease

After the Neolithic, European populations showed an increase in height and intelligence, reduced skin pigmentation and increased risk of cardiovascular disease due to genetic changes that lowered concentrations of 'good' HDL cholesterol. The changes reflect ongoing evolutionary processes in humans and highlight the impact the Neolithic revolution had on our lifestyle and health. Research of these past events offers interesting starting points for today's science and health care.

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Touchy subject: 3D printed fingertip 'feels' like human skin

A highly sensitive, 3D-printed fingertip could help robots become more dexterous and improve the performance of prosthetic hands by giving them an in-built sense of touch.

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Tuesday, April 5, 2022

Engineers point the way to more affordable, sustainable urban neighborhoods

Analysis presents a first-of-its-kind framework to design the most efficient mix of urban buildings along with integrated systems to supply power and water services. The approach could significantly reduce costs and pollution compared to traditional systems.

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Sugar-coated nanoparticles target macrophages, reverse pulmonary fibrosis

Scientists have developed a treatment for pulmonary fibrosis by using nanoparticles coated in mannose -- a type of sugar -- to stop a population of lung cells called macrophages that contribute to lung tissue scarring. The cell-targeting method holds promise for preventing this severe lung scarring disease, which can result in life-threatening complications like shortness of breath.

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Treated plastic waste good at grabbing carbon dioxide

Rice University chemists treat waste plastic to absorb carbon dioxide from flue gas streams more efficiently than current processes.

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Women seen as happy and men as angry despite real emotions

Faces and voices are more likely to be judged as male when they are angry, and as female when they are happy, new research has revealed. The study found that how we understand the emotional expression of a face or voice is heavily influenced by perceived sex, and vice versa. He said: "This study shows how important it is not to rely too much on your first impressions, as they can easily be wrong. "Next time you find yourself attributing happiness or sadness to a woman be aware of your bias and possible misinterpretation."

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The pleasant smell of wet soil indicates danger to bacteria-eating worms, researchers find

Researchers have found that geosmin is made by certain kinds of bacteria that are known toxin producers. This acts as a warning to C. elegans, a common type of worm, that the bacteria they are about to graze on is poisonous. The chemical is an aposematic signal that triggers the blind worm's sense of taste just like a caterpillar's bright colors or a pufferfish's spines tell a sighted predator to stay away.

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Sport improves concentration and quality of life

Physically fit primary school pupils feel better and can concentrate better. They are more likely to make it to higher-level secondary grammar schools than children with less sporting ability.

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Monday, April 4, 2022

The increase in consumption of nutritional supplements (and their efficacy) in the Covid-19 pandemic

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New York’s Whitney Biennial art show spans generations, media, borders

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Sunday, April 3, 2022

Watch: Milind Soman doing tree pull-ups will motivate you to get fit

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‘Untitled Project from Chernobyl’: Rescued photographs show life before the nuclear disaster

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Saweetie, Tiffany Haddish lead Grammys red carpet in pink, sparkle

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How much weight can you expect to lose on the keto diet?

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‘Needed to pick myself up’: Rahul Dravid on finding strength to ‘give that one last push’ to his cricketing career

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Pooja Hegde’s latest look is an ultimate summer essential: ‘Kacchi kairi it is!’

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Saturday, April 2, 2022

Singapore relaxes Covid-19 rules for tourists; here are some places you can visit

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Demotivated to workout? Here’s one science-approved way to get moving again

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Sunday Zodiac: Signs that need to control their anger

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Ramadan Mubarak 2022: Ramzan Wishes, Images, Quotes, Whatsapp Messages, Status, and Photos

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CRISPR and HIV: New technique in human blood unveils potential paths toward cure

Gene editing used to discover human proteins hijacked by HIV to replicate in blood • By better understanding how the virus replicates, treatments could one day become cures • 'This new assay is the most faithful representation of what's happening in the body during HIV infection that we could easily study in the lab,' researcher says • Over half the genes identified in the study had never been looked at in the context of HIV infection

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New research shows survival rate improvement for extremely pre-term infants

A study conducted at 19 medical centers from 2013-2018 found that the survival rate of babies born at 22 weeks (30%) and 23 weeks (55.8%) had increased significantly compared to the same study conducted from 2008-2013, in which only 7% of babies born at 22 weeks and 32% born at 23 weeks survived.

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CRISPR and HIV: New technique in human blood unveils potential paths toward cure

Gene editing used to discover human proteins hijacked by HIV to replicate in blood • By better understanding how the virus replicates, treatments could one day become cures • 'This new assay is the most faithful representation of what's happening in the body during HIV infection that we could easily study in the lab,' researcher says • Over half the genes identified in the study had never been looked at in the context of HIV infection

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Friday, April 1, 2022

Volcano monitoring at Mount Etna using fiber optic cables

In order to understand and predict volcanic events even better, a better understanding of the diverse underground processes involved is required. A new way to detect such processes, even if they are very subtle, is to use fiber optic cables as sensors. The analysis of light that is backscattered in them when the cables are deformed by vibrations, for example, has now made it possible for the first time to determine the volcanic signature of the Sicilian volcano Etna very precisely.

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Study sheds light on why immunodeficiency affects only one identical twin

Scientists have long queried the causes of immune disorders in only one of two identical twins with identical genes. New research has found the answer lies in both alterations in immune cell-cell communication and the epigenome, the host of biological processes that regulate how our genes function.

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Ozone may be heating the planet more than we realize

New research reveals ozone in the lower atmosphere in particular contributed to warming in the Southern Ocean - which absorbs much of the planet's excess heat - more than previously realized. The study shows that ozone is more than just a pollutant, but also may be playing a significant role in climate change.

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Million-year-old Arctic sedimentary record sheds light on climate mystery

New research provides a continuous look at a shift in climate, called the Mid-Pleistocene Transition, that has puzzled scientists.

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Wildfire smoke exposure in early pregnancy affects infant monkey behavior

Infant monkeys conceived while their mothers were naturally exposed to wildfire smoke show behavioral changes compared to animals conceived days later, according to a new study.

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Higher blood fats more harmful than first thought

The increased levels of blood fats in people with type 2 diabetes and obesity are more harmful than previously thought, a new study has found. The research shows they can kill cells, make symptoms more severe, and worsen the illness. Increased fat in the blood has long been known to damage tissues and organs, contributing to the development of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases including type 2 diabetes.

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Origins of the Avars elucidated with ancient DNA

Less known than Attila's Huns, the Avars were their more successful successors. They ruled much of Central and Eastern Europe for almost 250 years. We know that they came from Central Asia in the sixth century CE, but ancient authors and modern historians debated their provenance. Now, a multidisciplinary research team of geneticists, archaeologists and historians has obtained and studied the first ancient genomes from the most important Avar elite sites discovered in contemporary Hungary. This study traces the genetic origin of the Avar elite to a faraway region of East Central Asia. It provides direct genetic evidence for one of the largest and most rapid long-distance migrations in ancient human history.

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Thursday, March 31, 2022

Global disparities persist in opioid painkiller access

Global opioid sales increased by an estimated 4% annually from 2015 to 2019, but massive disparities in access to essential pain relief medications persist between countries, a new study finds.

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Those who ogle also more likely to have harmful attitudes, study finds

New research examining 'eye gaze behavior' has found that looking at people's bodies, rather than their faces, is linked with harmful attitudes towards sexual assault.

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African network protects key turtle sites

A network of West African Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) covers key sites used by green turtles, new research shows.

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Married mothers who earn more than their husbands take on an even greater share of the housework, research finds

While new mothers frequently take on a greater share of housework than their spouses, this effect is even more pronounced in mothers who earn more than fathers, new research shows.

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International tourists flock back to New York, with one big exception

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Researchers outline bias in epidemic research -- and offer new simulation tool to guide future work

A team of researchers unpacks a series of biases in epidemic research, ranging from clinical trials to data collection, and offers a game-theory approach to address them, in a new analysis. The work sheds new light on the pitfalls associated with technology development and deployment in combating global crises like COVID-19, with a look toward future pandemic scenarios.

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Wednesday, March 30, 2022

Americans love football, but differ on whether kids should play

Football may be America's most popular sport, but the nation is deeply divided about whether youth should play the tackle version of the game.

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Where we grow up influences our sense of direction

New researcher has demonstrated that people's spatial navigation ability is influenced by their geographical origin. Growing up in rural or urban areas, or in cities of varying complexity, influences our sense of direction in adulthood. These results were obtained using data collected from the video game Sea Hero Quest.

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Exercise may reduce depression symptoms, boost effects of therapy

Exercising for half an hour may reduce symptoms of depression for at least 75 minutes post-workout and amplify the benefits of therapy, according to two new studies.

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The Rule of Two helps make spaces sound better

Researchers developed a new acoustic measurement technique in a room with more acoustic combinations than there are ants on Earth.

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Where we grow up influences our sense of direction

New researcher has demonstrated that people's spatial navigation ability is influenced by their geographical origin. Growing up in rural or urban areas, or in cities of varying complexity, influences our sense of direction in adulthood. These results were obtained using data collected from the video game Sea Hero Quest.

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Tuesday, March 29, 2022

Researchers shorten manufacturing time for CAR T cell therapy

A new approach could cut the time it takes to alter patients' immune cells for infusion back into the body to find and attack cancer. The cell manufacturing process for this type of immunotherapy that was pioneered at Penn -- CAR T cell therapy -- typically takes nine to 14 days. In a pre-clinical study, scientists have abbreviated this process and generated functional CAR T cells with enhanced anti-tumor potency in just 24 hours.

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Promising Alzheimer's drug may also improve memory in Down syndrome and normal aging

New research is breaking ground in repurposing an FDA-approved drug as a potential treatment in Down syndrome and normal aging. The results suggest that GM-CSF may improve cognitive function in people with Down syndrome. The drug sargramostim (GM-CSF, which stands for granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor) is also the first to show memory improvement in Alzheimer's patients in a phase II clinical trial. GM-CSF is a normal human protein that is safe and well-tolerated with over 30 years of FDA-approved use for other disorders.

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Lung damage may persist long after COVID-19 pneumonia

Some people recovering from COVID-19 pneumonia have CT evidence of damage to their lungs that persists a full year after the onset of symptoms, according to a new study.

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AI helps radiologists detect bone fractures

Artificial intelligence (AI) is an effective tool for fracture detection that has potential to aid clinicians in busy emergency departments, according to a new study.

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Distinct classes of fibroblasts in tumors play opposing roles, promoting or restraining pancreatic cancer growth

Researchers discovered that two distinct classes of fibroblast cells accumulate in pancreatic tumors and play opposing roles to promote and restrain pancreatic cancer growth. Appropriately targeting these cells may offer options to improve treatment outcomes.

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Dried avocado meal, a novel fiber source to be added to commercial dog food

Thanks to avocados' rise to superfood stardom, there are now more avocado-derived products in the supply chain than ever. In a unique study, researchers looked at the possibility of using avocado meal -- the ground, dried, and defatted pulp, seed, and skin left over after avocado oil processing -- as a fiber source in dry dog food.

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Good hydration may reduce long-term risks for heart failure

Staying well-hydrated may be associated with a reduced risk for developing heart failure. New findings suggest that consuming sufficient amounts of fluids throughout life not only supports essential body functioning but may also reduce the risk of severe heart problems in the future.

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Osmotic pressure and viscosity: Anticancer drug efficacy and restricting tumors using LDDS

Chemotherapy is known for its painful side-effects. It also has limitations when the cancer has metastasized to the lymph nodes. The lymphatic drug delivery system, where anticancer drugs are injected directly into the sentinel lymph nodes under ultrasound guidance, offers an alternative to conventional chemotherapy. Researchers have now found the optimal osmotic pressure and viscosity ranges, significantly improving the antitumor effect.

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Monday, March 28, 2022

Vegetarians, you must have these top five sources of protein in your diet

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‘Beauty is a huge confidence builder, occupies an irreplaceable place’: Manish Malhotra

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Sunday, March 27, 2022

Why pregnant people should get vaccinated for Covid-19, a maternal care expert explains

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Weight loss alert: Anshula Kapoor sets massive fitness goals with her inspiring transformation

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‘We want to see a society that is based on the Indian Constitution’: Curator Prabhakar Kamble

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Oscars 2022: Stars show support for Ukraine with flag colours, ribbons, pins on the red carpet

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Is drinking ice-cold water bad for overall health?

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Stars bring colour, glitter and some skin to Oscars red carpet

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Healthy munching: A new study suggests older people should have nuts, dried fruits to reduce abdominal fat

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From Sonam Kapoor Ahuja to Tara Sutaria: Fashion hits and misses (March 21- March 27)

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Saturday, March 26, 2022

Hair today, art tomorrow: Filipino salon owner uses own hair to create portraits

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‘An exercise ball, a single pair of weights and lots of reps’: Mandira Bedi’s power-packed workout will challenge you

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Zodiac alert: What’s in store for Aries in 2022?

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COVID-19 mixed with flu increases risk of severe illness and death

Adults in hospital who have COVID-19 and the flu at the same time are at much greater risk of severe disease and death compared with patients who have COVID-19 alone or with other viruses, research shows.

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New study reveals why HIV remains in human tissue even after antiretroviral therapy

Thanks to antiretroviral therapy, HIV infection is no longer the life sentence it once was. But despite the effectiveness of drugs to manage and treat the virus, it can never be fully eliminated from the human body, lingering in some cells deep in different human tissues where it goes unnoticed by the immune system. Now, new research by University of Alberta immunologist Shokrollah Elahi reveals a possible answer to the mystery of why infected people can't get rid of HIV altogether. Elahi and his team found that in HIV patients, killer T cells -- a type of white blood cells responsible for identifying and destroying cells infected with viruses -- have very little to none of a protein called CD73. Because CD73 is responsible for migration and cell movement into the tissue, the lack of the protein compromises the ability of killer T cells to find and eliminate HIV-infected cells, explained Elahi.

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Friday, March 25, 2022

Large study challenges the theory that light alcohol consumption benefits heart health

In an observational analysis of UK Biobank participants, light to moderate drinkers had the lowest heart disease risk, followed by people who abstained from drinking; however, light to moderate drinkers tended to have healthier lifestyles than abstainers, which likely accounted for their better heart health. Genetic evidence in this same population suggested that all levels of alcohol intake are associated with increased cardiovascular risk. Notably, the risk of cardiovascular disease linked to light alcohol consumption was modest but rose exponentially with higher intake, even at intake levels currently endorsed as 'low risk.'

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Study finds neurons that encode the outcomes of actions

A group of neurons in the brain's striatum encodes information about the potential outcomes of different decisions. These cells become particularly active when a behavior leads a different outcome than what was expected, which the researchers believe helps the brain adapt to changing circumstances.

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Breakthrough application of moisture-trapping film to reduce heat stress in personal protective suits

Researchers have developed a novel super-hygroscopic material that enhances sweat evaporation within a personal protective suit, to create a cooling effect for better thermal comfort for users such as healthcare workers and other frontline officers. With this innovation, users will feel 40% cooler and their risk of getting heat stroke is lowered significantly.

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Vagus nerve stimulation lowers costs of care for children with uncontrolled epilepsy

A new study has examined a population of pediatric patients with drug-resistant epilepsy. For these patients, the study found that the patients who received vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), when used with anti-seizure medications (ASM), had lower hospital costs compared to the use of ASM alone. The study found that the patients treated with ASM plus VNS had savings of over $3,000 of epilepsy-related annual costs per year, compared to treatment with ASM only.

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Study shows how bioactive substance inhibits important receptor

The A2A receptor regulates how vigorously the innate immune system attacks diseased cells. Researchers have now been able to show for the first time how an important inhibitor binds to the receptor. In the future, the results will facilitate the targeted search for molecules that give the innate immune system more punch. These could for instance be used in the fight against cancer, but also against brain diseases such as Alzheimer's or Parkinson's disease.

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Win-wins in environmental management hard to find

When a booming marine fishery can increase its shrimp catch while also reducing unintentional bycatch of turtles --t hat's an example of what environmental scientists and managers call a 'win-win.' Models often predict this ideal outcome is achievable, yet stakeholders rarely see it manifest in the real world.

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Innovative AI technology aids personalized care for diabetes patients needing complex drug treatment

Medical researchers have developed and tested an AI method to improve care for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who need complex treatment. The new AI method analyzed electronic health record data across Utah and Indiana and learned generalizable treatment patterns of type 2 diabetes patients with similar characteristics. Those patterns can now be used to help determine an optimal drug regimen for a specific patient.

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Thursday, March 24, 2022

Warming oceans are getting louder

Climate change is speeding sound transmission in the oceans and the way it varies over the globe with physical properties of the oceans. Two 'acoustic hotspots' of future sound speed increases are predicted east of Greenland and in the Northwest Atlantic Ocean, East of Newfoundland. In these locations, the average speed of sound is likely to increase by more than 1.5% if 'business-as-usual' high rates of greenhouse gas emissions continue through 2100.

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Novel therapy could help people with asthma, COPD, cystic fibrosis and cancer-related lung disease

Scientists have developed a drug to treat the uncontrolled secretion of mucins in the airways, which causes potentially life-threatening symptoms in millions of Americans with lung diseases.

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Health risk due to micro- and nanoplastics in food

Five grams of plastic particles on average enter the human gastrointestinal tract per person per week. This is roughly equivalent to the weight of a credit card. Whether ingested micro- and nanoplastics pose a health risk is being investigated in numerous studies but is largely unknown to date. A research team has now summarized the current state of scientific knowledge.

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Health risk due to micro- and nanoplastics in food

Five grams of plastic particles on average enter the human gastrointestinal tract per person per week. This is roughly equivalent to the weight of a credit card. Whether ingested micro- and nanoplastics pose a health risk is being investigated in numerous studies but is largely unknown to date. A research team has now summarized the current state of scientific knowledge.

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Male dolphins whistle to maintain key social relationships

Allied male bottlenose dolphins maintain weaker yet vital social relationships with whistle exchanges, researchers have found.

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Revamped design could take powerful biological computers from the test tube to the cell

Researchers may have developed long-lived biological computers that could potentially persist inside cells. Researchers forgo the traditional DNA-based approach, opting instead to use the nucleic acid RNA to build computers. The results demonstrate that the RNA circuits are as dependable and versatile as their DNA-based counterparts. What's more, living cells may be able to create these RNA circuits continuously, something that is not readily possible with DNA circuits.

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Wednesday, March 23, 2022

Humans have given wild animals their diseases nearly 100 times, researchers find

Scientists have found that humans might give viruses back to animals more often than previously understood.

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Chemical found in leafy greens shown to slow growth of COVID-19 and common cold viruses

A study in mice and lab-grown cells finds sulforaphane could help prevent and treat illnesses caused by certain coronaviruses, including COVID-19.

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One in three children with disabilities globally have experienced violence in their lifetimes, study finds

Children and adolescents (aged 0-18 years) with disabilities experience physical, sexual, and emotional violence, and neglect at considerably higher rates than those without disability, despite advances in awareness and policy in recent years. This is according to a systematic review of research involving more than 16 million young people from 25 countries conducted between 1990 and 2020. The study provides the most comprehensive picture of the violence experienced by children with disabilities around the world.

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Humans have given wild animals their diseases nearly 100 times, researchers find

Scientists have found that humans might give viruses back to animals more often than previously understood.

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Atossa – The protein queen commanding cell invasion

Immune cells are our body's police force, but how can they reach the crime scene fast? Researchers have now discovered a new protein that boosts energy production inside immune cells and thus increases their power to invade. Apart from improving immune responses, the results could revolutionize our understanding of energy regulation in cells throughout the human body.

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New method of pancreatic islet cryopreservation marks breakthrough for diabetes cure

Engineering and medical researchers have developed a new process for successfully storing specialized pancreatic islet cells at very low temperatures and rewarming them, enabling the potential for on-demand islet transplantation. The breakthrough discovery in cryopreservation is a major step forward in a cure for diabetes.

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Tuesday, March 22, 2022

Agricultural expansion a major cause to doubling of annual tropical carbon loss over past two decades

Using multiple high-resolution satellite datasets, researchers found that tropical carbon loss has doubled over the past two decades due to excessive forest removal in the tropics. The tropics are an important ecosystem as they store massive amounts of carbon in their woody vegetation and soil -- but they have suffered from extensive forest clearance since 2001. The researchers analyzed the gross forest carbon loss associated with forest removal in the tropics during the 21st century.

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Study identifies new protection mechanism in breast cancer

Researchers have identified a protein that protects against breast tumor growth and that can be linked to a better prognosis in breast cancer patients. The results may contribute to the development of new therapies for difficult-to-treat forms of breast cancer.

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100g of cranberries a day improves cardiovascular health, study finds

A new clinical trial found daily consumption of cranberries for one month improved cardiovascular function in healthy men.

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The man in the olive green tee

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Switching social identities happens seamlessly

People can switch seamlessly between different social identities, new research shows. Each person has multiple social identities, such as: employee, parent, young person, friend or even fan of a particular sports team.

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100g of cranberries a day improves cardiovascular health, study finds

A new clinical trial found daily consumption of cranberries for one month improved cardiovascular function in healthy men.

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Monday, March 21, 2022

Identifying toxic materials in water with machine learning

Waste materials from oil sands extraction, stored in tailings ponds, can pose a risk to the natural habitat and neighboring communities when they leach into groundwater and surface ecosystems. Until now, the challenge for the oil sands industry is that the proper analysis of toxic waste materials has been difficult to achieve without complex and lengthy testing. And there's a backlog. For example, in Alberta alone, there are an estimated 1.4 billion cubic meters of fluid tailings.

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Taste, temperature and pain sensations are neurologically linked

Biologists have found that the brain categorizes taste, temperature and pain-related sensations in a common region of the brain and that the brain also groups these sensations together as either pleasant or aversive, potentially offering new insights into how scientists might better understand the body's response to and treatment of pain.

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